investigated the steady flow of the non-Newtonian fluid via the inclined channel heated isothermally at the boundaries. An investigation on the multislip effects on the magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection unsteady flow of microploar nanofluids over a stretching/shrinking sheet along with radiation in the presence of a heat source was done by Abdal et al. studied the influence of the nanoparticles and uniform magnetic field on the slip flows in arterial vessels with blood conveyed through hollow arterial tubes described as a third grade non-Newtonian fluid. Hsiao presented a study for thermal energy extrusion system conversion problem with electric hydromagnetic heat and mass mixed convection of a viscoelastic non-Newtonian Carreau-Nanofluid with radiation and viscous dissipation effects.
Considering a flow underlying spreading surface through a non-Darcian porous medium, Elgazery anlayzed the effects of internal heat generation/absorption of a non-Newtonian Casson fluid with suspension of gold and alumina nanoparticles. Some work on nanoparticles was done by Mozaffari et al. and Dybowska-Sarapuk et al.Ī lot of authors have investigated the flow of non-Newtonian fluids due to their vast applications especially when with suspensions of nano-sized particle. The shear thinning fluid behaviour is usually exhibited by inks which are used in inkjet printing as discussed by Miccichè et al. In rheology, shear thinning is the pseudoplastic fluid whose viscosity decreases under shear strain.
A pseudoplastic is a shear-thinning fluid and has less resistance at high strain rates like polymer solution, paint, blood, plasma. The Williamson fluid model is another powerful model used to explain the rheological properties of pseudoplastic fluids. Therefore, to overcome this challenge, many rheological models like Maxwell model, Jeffrey model, Ellis model, Power law model, Carreau model, among others, have been developed. But as expected, Navier-stokes equations alone are insufficient to describe the rheological properties of these fluids. In non-Newtonian fluids, pseudoplastic fluids are the most frequently encountered fluids. The detailed descriptions of each category can be found in Cioranescu et al. Non-Newtonian fluids are generally classified into three main categories, namely: (i) the differential type, (ii) the rate type and (iii) the integral type.
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